Mombasa, a melting pot of languages and cultures from all sides of the Indian Ocean, waits like an exotic dessert for travelers who make it to Kenya’s coastline. Having more in common with Dakar or Dar es Salaam than Nairobi, Mombasa’s blend of India, Arabia, and Africa can be intoxicating. Many visitors find themselves seduced by East Africa’s biggest and most cosmopolitan port despite its grime and sleaze, which somehow only adds to the place’s considerable charm.
The Cultural Mosaic of Mombasa
Historical Influences
Mombasa’s history dates back over a thousand years, making it one of the oldest and most historically significant cities in East Africa. The city has been a key trade hub for centuries, attracting traders from Persia, Arabia, India, and Europe. These influences have left an indelible mark on Mombasa’s cultural and architectural landscape.
Arab Influence: Mombasa’s old town is a maze of narrow streets and alleys, lined with Swahili houses that boast intricately carved doors and balconies. The Arab influence is palpable, particularly in the architecture and the city’s predominant religion, Islam. The 12th-century arrival of Arab traders brought Islam, which remains the dominant religion in the region. The presence of mosques like the 16th-century Mandhry Mosque is a testament to this enduring influence.
Indian Influence: Indian traders have also played a crucial role in shaping Mombasa. The presence of Hindu temples, Sikh gurdwaras, and Indian cuisine highlights the significant Indian community in the city. The Indian influence is particularly evident in the city’s cuisine and commerce, with vibrant markets selling Indian spices, textiles, and jewelry. The iconic Shree Cutch Satsang Swaminarayan Temple stands as a symbol of the Indian community’s deep roots in Mombasa.
African Influence: As part of Kenya, Mombasa is deeply rooted in African traditions. The local Swahili culture blends African and Arab elements, creating a unique and vibrant cultural identity. The Swahili people, who are the original inhabitants of the coast, have a rich cultural heritage that is reflected in their music, dance, and art. Traditional Swahili music, characterized by taarab and ngoma, is an essential part of Mombasa’s cultural fabric.
Language Diversity
The linguistic landscape of Mombasa is as diverse as its cultural influences. Swahili, the lingua franca of East Africa, is widely spoken, but you’ll also hear Arabic, Gujarati, and a variety of African languages. English is also commonly used, especially in business and tourism. This multilingual environment reflects the city’s history as a crossroads of different cultures and peoples.
Exploring Mombasa’s Attractions
Historical Sites
Fort Jesus
Built by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Fort Jesus stands as a testament to Mombasa’s strategic importance in the Indian Ocean trade routes. The fort, now a UNESCO World Heritage site, houses a museum showcasing artifacts from the city’s diverse history. Visitors can explore the fort’s labyrinthine passages, battlements, and cannons, gaining insight into the turbulent history of this coastal city.
Old Town
A stroll through Mombasa’s Old Town offers a glimpse into the city’s past. The area is characterized by its narrow streets, historic buildings, and vibrant markets. Key sites include the Old Post Office and the Leven House. The Old Town’s architecture, with its ornate wooden doors and intricate latticework, reflects the blend of Arab, Persian, and Indian influences. Walking through this area feels like stepping back in time, with the scent of spices in the air and the sounds of bustling market activity.
Jumba la Mtwana
Located a short drive from Mombasa, Jumba la Mtwana is an ancient Swahili settlement dating back to the 14th century. The ruins include mosques, tombs, and houses, offering a fascinating insight into the region’s early history. The site’s location by the sea, surrounded by baobab trees, adds to its mystical charm. Exploring Jumba la Mtwana provides a deeper understanding of the Swahili civilization that once thrived along the East African coast.
Gede Ruins
Another significant archaeological site, the Gede Ruins, located near Malindi, are the remnants of an ancient Swahili town. The site includes a mosque, a palace, and numerous houses, all surrounded by dense forest. The ruins date back to the 12th century and offer a glimpse into the advanced architecture and urban planning of the time. The Gede Museum on-site displays artifacts uncovered during excavations, including pottery, beads, and coins, illustrating the town’s connections with other parts of the world.
Natural Beauty
Mombasa Marine National Park
This marine park is a haven for snorkeling and diving enthusiasts. The coral reefs are teeming with marine life, including colorful fish, turtles, and dolphins. The park’s clear waters and abundant marine biodiversity make it a popular destination for underwater explorers. Visitors can take boat trips to the reef, where they can snorkel or dive amidst stunning coral formations and vibrant sea creatures.
Haller Park
Once a barren limestone quarry, Haller Park has been transformed into a lush wildlife sanctuary. Visitors can see giraffes, hippos, and a variety of bird species. The park is also home to the famous tortoise, Mzee, and the hippo, Owen, whose unlikely friendship captured the hearts of many. Haller Park offers guided tours, where visitors can learn about the park’s rehabilitation efforts and the diverse flora and fauna that now thrive in this reclaimed landscape.
Diani Beach
Located south of Mombasa, Diani Beach is a tropical paradise known for its white sandy beaches and crystal-clear waters. The beach is lined with palm trees and offers a range of activities, from water sports to beachside relaxation. Diani Beach is also home to several luxury resorts, providing an idyllic setting for a relaxing getaway. Visitors can enjoy activities such as kite surfing, snorkeling, and camel rides along the shore.
Shimba Hills National Reserve
A short drive from Mombasa, the Shimba Hills National Reserve is a scenic area of coastal rainforest and grasslands. The reserve is home to a variety of wildlife, including elephants, leopards, and the rare sable antelope. The lush greenery and cool climate of the Shimba Hills provide a refreshing contrast to the coastal heat. Visitors can embark on guided safaris to spot wildlife or hike to the scenic Sheldrick Falls for a refreshing dip in the natural pool.
Cultural Experiences
Swahili Cuisine
Mombasa’s cuisine is a delicious blend of African, Arab, and Indian flavors. Must-try dishes include biryani, samosas, and the local specialty, Swahili fish curry. The city’s coastal location ensures an abundance of fresh seafood, which is often grilled or cooked in coconut milk. Popular street foods include mishkaki (skewered meat), viazi karai (battered potatoes), and madafu (fresh coconut water). Dining in Mombasa is a culinary adventure, with flavors and aromas that reflect the city’s diverse cultural heritage.
Cultural Festivals
The city hosts numerous festivals that celebrate its diverse heritage. The Mombasa Carnival, held annually in November, features colorful parades, music, and dance performances. This vibrant festival brings together people from all walks of life to celebrate Mombasa’s rich cultural tapestry. Other notable events include the Lamu Cultural Festival and the Maulidi Festival, which showcase traditional music, dance, and crafts. These festivals provide visitors with a unique opportunity to experience the vibrant culture and traditions of the Swahili coast.
Local Markets
Exploring Mombasa’s markets offers a glimpse into the daily life and culture of its residents. The bustling markets are filled with vendors selling everything from fresh produce to spices, textiles, and handicrafts. The Kongowea Market, one of the largest in the city, is a sensory overload of sights, sounds, and smells. Visitors can haggle for souvenirs, sample local delicacies, and interact with friendly vendors. The Marikiti Market, located in the heart of the city, is another must-visit, offering a wide range of goods and an authentic market experience.
Swahili Architecture
The architectural style of Mombasa is a reflection of its diverse cultural influences. The Swahili houses, with their coral stone walls, carved wooden doors, and intricate latticework, are a testament to the city’s rich history. The Old Town is home to many well-preserved examples of Swahili architecture, including the Old Law Courts and the Mombasa Club. Visitors can take guided tours to learn about the architectural features and historical significance of these buildings.
Practical Information for Visitors
Getting There
By Air: Mombasa’s Moi International Airport connects the city to major international destinations. The airport is located approximately 10 kilometers from the city center and is served by several international airlines. Domestic flights from Nairobi and other Kenyan cities are also available, making Mombasa easily accessible by air.
By Train: The Madaraka Express offers a scenic and comfortable journey from Nairobi to Mombasa. This modern railway service provides a convenient and affordable way to travel between the two cities. The journey takes approximately four and a half hours, passing through the picturesque landscapes of Kenya’s interior. The train station in Mombasa is located in the suburb of Miritini, a short drive from the city center.
By Road: Mombasa is well-connected by road, with buses and taxis providing easy access. The Nairobi-Mombasa Highway is the primary route for travelers coming from the capital city. Long-distance buses operate daily services between Nairobi and Mombasa, offering an economical option for those who prefer road travel. Taxis and ride-hailing services are readily available within the city for local transportation.
Accommodation
Luxury Hotels: Options like the Sarova Whitesands Beach Resort and the Voyager Beach Resort offer top-notch amenities and stunning views. These upscale resorts provide luxurious accommodations, world-class dining, and a range of recreational facilities. Guests can enjoy beachfront access, swimming pools, spas, and water sports, ensuring a relaxing and enjoyable stay.
Budget Options: There are numerous budget-friendly hotels and hostels, such as the New Palm Tree Hotel and the Mombasa Backpackers Hostel. These affordable accommodations offer comfortable rooms and basic amenities, making them ideal for budget-conscious travelers. Many budget hotels are located in the city center, providing easy access to attractions and public transportation.
Boutique Hotels: For a more personalized experience, boutique hotels like the Tamarind Village and the Swahili Beach Resort offer unique charm and character. These smaller hotels often feature stylish decor, personalized service, and a cozy atmosphere. Guests can enjoy amenities such as private balconies, swimming pools, and on-site restaurants, all set within beautifully landscaped grounds.
Safety Tips
While Mombasa is generally safe for tourists, it’s essential to take standard precautions:
Avoid walking alone at night, especially in less populated areas. Stick to well-lit streets and busy areas to ensure your safety.
Keep your valuables secure and be aware of your surroundings. Use a money belt or a secure bag to keep your belongings safe, and avoid displaying expensive items in public.
Use reputable tour operators and transportation services. Choose licensed taxis or ride-hailing services, and book tours through established companies to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience.
Stay informed about local news and developments. Check travel advisories and stay updated on any safety concerns in the area.
Conclusion
Mombasa is a city that captivates the senses with its rich tapestry of cultures, languages, and history. From the bustling markets of the Old Town to the serene beaches and vibrant marine life, there is something for every traveler. Despite the challenges of urbanization and the occasional rough edges, Mombasa’s charm lies in its authenticity and its ability to offer a unique blend of experiences. Whether you are exploring historical sites, indulging in Swahili cuisine, or simply soaking in the coastal vibes, Mombasa promises a memorable and enriching journey.
Schedule
Day 1: Nairobi- Mombasa
Day 3: Mombasa – Nairobi
You will be transferred to the airport or SGR to catch your flight/train back to Nairobi after which you will be transferred back home.
Meal plan: Breakfast
Safari price Cost Includes:
Transport.
Airport transfers.
Accommodation whilst on holiday.
SGR/Flights to Mombasa.
Accommodation in standard rooms.
Start and end in Nairobi.
Tour Cost excludes
Tips for your guide.
Excursions.
Extra meals not mentioned
International flights
Laundry, beverages/Drinks/Sodas and other soft drinks.
Personal items (souvenirs, travel insurance, visa fees.)
Any other items not mentioned above.
